雅思托福长句
解析托福雅思中的长句，关键在于识别句子的主干和修饰成分，理解句子的层次结构。以下是一些长句的解析示例：
Chapter seven tackles the ‘bedrock myth’, the assumption that the absence of bedrock close to the surface between Downtown and Midtown New York is the reason for skyscrapers not being built between the two urban centers. 主干
：Chapter seven tackles the ‘bedrock myth’
同位语：the assumption that the absence of bedrock close to the surface between Downtown and Midtown New York is the reason for skyscrapers not being built between the two urban centers.
解析：这句话的主干是“Chapter seven tackles the ‘bedrock myth’”，接下来以同位语和修饰语进一步解释了这一“神话”。解释时，句子中提到的“absence of bedrock”是造成摩天大楼未能在两市中心之间建设的原因。
Opposite, in narrow, horizontal trays packed not with soil but with coconut fibre, grow cherry tomatoes, shiny aubergines and brightly coloured chards. 主干：
Cherry tomatoes, shiny aubergines and brightly coloured chards grow
倒装：Opposite, in narrow, horizontal trays packed not with soil but with coconut fibre
解析：本句话中存在倒装现象!本句话的主干为：Cherry tomatoes, shiny aubergines and brightly coloured chards grow opposite in narrow, horizontal trays packed not with soil but with coconut fibre. 这句话只要能看到这个实际的句子结构，理解就不会有太大偏差，否则严重影响理解。
Produce grown using this soil-free method, on the other hand - which relies solely on a small quantity of water, enriched with organic nutrients, pumped around a closed circuit of pipes, towers and trays - is 'produced up here, and sold locally, just down there.' 主干：
Produce is produced up here, and sold locally, just down there.
后置定语
grown using this soil-free method
which relies solely on a small quantity of water, enriched with organic nutrients, pumped around a closed circuit of pipes, towers and trays
解析：句子开头的produce，大家熟悉的词性是动词，表示“生产”｡有认真背单词的童鞋就受益咯~ 句子主干：Produce is produced up here, and sold locally, just down there. 虽然它的主语和谓语动词非常遥远，但是这些单词构成了句子主干｡翻译：农产品就是在这上面种植的，并在当地销售的｡（just down there就是补充说明，由于没有上下文，我们就不多阐述了｡） produce主语后面跟了两个后置定语 1. grown 被种出来的 2. using this soil-free method 用无土栽培的方法。
It is significant that the earliest living things that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities. 主干
：It is significant that the earliest living things are examples of symbiosis
修饰成分 that built communities on these islands a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities. 解析
If a man who has no property refuses but once to earn nine shillings for the State, he is put in prison for a period unlimited by any law that I know, and determined only by the discretion of those who put him there； but if he should steal ninety times nine shillings from the State, he is soon permitted to go at large again. 主干
If a man refuses but once to earn nine shillings for the State, he is put in prison.
But if he should steal ninety times nine shillings from the State, he is soon permitted to go at large again.
定语从句：
who has no property
that I know
who put him there
解析：这句话包含两个if-else结构，每个结构都有自己的主句和定语从句。第一个if-else